Blockchain Explained in Simple Terms

Blockchain Explained: Everything You should Know about Blockchain Technology

Blockchain is a distributed database technology that allows multiple parties to maintain a shared and tamper-proof ledger of transactions. It was originally developed for the cryptocurrency Bitcoin, but it has since been applied to many other areas.

A blockchain consists of a chain of blocks, where each block contains a set of transactions. The blocks are linked together using cryptography, forming a continuous and unalterable chain. Each block also contains a unique cryptographic signature, called a hash, which is generated based on the data in the block. This makes it impossible to modify a block without changing its hash, which would invalidate the entire chain.

One of the key features of blockchain is its decentralized nature. Instead of having a central authority or intermediary, each participant in the network has a copy of the entire blockchain, and all transactions are validated by consensus among the participants. This makes the system more secure, since there is no single point of failure, and it also increases transparency, since all participants can see the same information.

Blockchain has a wide range of potential applications, including financial services, supply chain management, healthcare, and voting systems. It is often touted as a more secure and efficient alternative to traditional databases, but it is not without its limitations and challenges, including scalability, interoperability, and regulatory issues.

Blockchain in simple terms!

Imagine you have a notebook where you write down all your transactions, such as buying groceries or paying rent. Now, imagine that everyone you know also has a similar notebook, and they write down their transactions in their own notebooks too.

In a blockchain system, these notebooks are replaced by digital ledgers, and each transaction is recorded as a block in the ledger. But unlike a physical notebook, these digital ledgers are stored on many computers all over the world, not just in one place.

Each block in the ledger has a unique "digital signature" that makes it impossible to change or delete once it's been added to the chain. This means that once a transaction is recorded in the ledger, it can't be altered, making the system very secure.

So, why would we want to use a blockchain instead of just a regular database? Well, one advantage is that it allows multiple parties to trust and verify transactions without relying on a central authority, such as a bank. For example, if you wanted to send money to a friend in another country, you could use a blockchain system to do so without needing to go through a bank or other financial institution.

Another advantage is that blockchain can help prevent fraud and ensure transparency in industries such as supply chain management. For instance, a company could use a blockchain system to track the journey of a product from the manufacturer to the store shelves, allowing consumers to verify that the product is genuine and hasn't been tampered with.

Overall, blockchain is a way of creating secure, decentralized digital ledgers that can be used for a variety of purposes. While it's a complex technology, the basic idea is that it allows us to create trust and transparency in a way that wasn't possible before.

How Blockchain Technology Work?

At a high level, blockchain technology works by creating a digital ledger of transactions that is maintained across a network of computers. This ledger is constantly updated and verified by the network, and it is secured by cryptography to ensure the integrity of the data.

Here is a more detailed explanation of how blockchain technology works:

1. Transactions: The blockchain ledger is made up of a series of transactions, which can be anything from cryptocurrency transactions to the exchange of digital assets. Each transaction is verified by the network before it is added to the ledger.

2. Blocks: Transactions are grouped together into blocks, which are added to the blockchain in a sequential order. Each block contains a unique code called a "hash" that identifies it, as well as a reference to the previous block in the chain.

3. Distributed network: The blockchain ledger is maintained by a distributed network of computers, also known as nodes, that work together to validate transactions and add new blocks to the chain. Each node has a copy of the entire blockchain ledger, so if one node goes offline, the rest of the network can continue to function.

4. Consensus: To ensure the integrity of the blockchain ledger, the network must reach a consensus on the order and validity of transactions. This is typically achieved through a consensus algorithm, which is a set of rules that govern how the network reaches agreement on which transactions should be added to the blockchain.

5. Cryptography: Blockchain technology uses cryptography to ensure the security and privacy of the data stored on the blockchain. Each transaction is encrypted using a public-key cryptography system, which means that only the owner of the private key can access the data.

Overall, blockchain technology is a decentralized, secure, and transparent way of recording and verifying transactions that has the potential to transform a wide range of industries.

The future of blockchain is quite promising!

The future of blockchain is quite promising, as it has the potential to revolutionize many industries and areas of our lives. Here are a few possible ways that blockchain could impact the future:

1. Financial Services: Blockchain technology can enable faster, cheaper and more secure financial transactions without intermediaries such as banks, and provide access to financial services for the unbanked population. Decentralized finance (DeFi) is a growing industry that uses blockchain to offer a range of financial services including lending, borrowing, and trading.

2. Supply Chain Management: Blockchain can help increase transparency and accountability in supply chains, by tracking the movement of goods and verifying their authenticity. This can help reduce fraud, improve product quality and safety, and enable consumers to make more informed purchasing decisions.

3. Digital Identity: Blockchain can be used to create secure digital identities, giving people more control over their personal data and enabling them to prove their identity without relying on third parties. This could have applications in areas such as voting systems, healthcare, and social media.

4. Internet of Things (IoT): The use of blockchain technology can enable secure, decentralized and transparent communication between devices in IoT networks, ensuring that data is not tampered with and is transmitted only to authorized parties.

5. Energy and Environment: Blockchain can be used to create decentralized energy grids and enable peer-to-peer energy trading, making renewable energy more accessible and reducing dependence on centralized energy providers. It can also help to monitor and reduce carbon emissions and improve environmental sustainability.

Overall, the future of blockchain looks bright, as the technology continues to evolve and be applied in new and innovative ways. While there are still challenges to be overcome, such as scalability, interoperability, and regulatory issues, the potential benefits of blockchain are vast, and it's likely to play an increasingly important role in our lives in the years to come.

Leading blockchain platforms and their associated tokens:

1. Bitcoin (BTC): The first and most well-known blockchain platform, Bitcoin is a decentralized, peer-to-peer digital currency that allows for secure, transparent and fast transactions without the need for intermediaries. Its native token is BTC.

2. Ethereum (ETH): Ethereum is a blockchain platform that allows developers to build decentralized applications (dApps) using smart contracts, which are self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement between buyer and seller being directly written into lines of code. Its native token is ETH.

3. Binance Smart Chain (BSC): Binance Smart Chain is a blockchain platform developed by the cryptocurrency exchange Binance, which is designed to provide faster and cheaper transactions than the Ethereum network. Its native token is BNB.

4. Cardano (ADA): Cardano is a blockchain platform that uses a proof-of-stake consensus algorithm to secure its network and enable faster and cheaper transactions than other blockchain platforms. Its native token is ADA.

5. Polkadot (DOT): Polkadot is a blockchain platform that allows different blockchains to connect and work together, making it easier for developers to build and deploy decentralized applications. Its native token is DOT.

6. Solana (SOL): Solana is a high-performance blockchain platform that can handle a high volume of transactions with low fees. Its native token is SOL.

These are just a few examples of the many blockchain platforms and tokens that are currently available. Each platform has its own unique features and use cases, and new platforms and tokens are being developed all the time.

Reliance RE FAQs | Reliance Industries Right Issue | RIL RE Share

Reliance  Industries Right Issue FAQs

Reliance Industries has announced the rights issue and currently the issue is open for subscription which would last till June 3, 2020. This Rights Issue looks and is also similar to most rights issues opened in the past for various companies except one thing which has set this issue apart from others in past.

There is much interest in the issue of the rights of Reliance Industries. While not the first company to raise capital through an offer of rights, it was the first company to credit its shareholders' rights entitlement directly to their demo accounts so that they could trade them on the exchange platform.

With lock-outs still effective in most parts of the country, this electronic credit comes handy for shareholders who would not be able to step outside to submit physical application forms. SEBI, in a recent circular, made buying and selling Rights Entitlements (REs) easy and simple. It could also be a preferred method of raising capital for other companies.

Reliance Industries Right Issue FAQs

1. How will the Basis of Allotment be decided? 

Subject to the provisions contained in the Letter of Offer, the Abridged Letter of Offer, the Rights Entitlement Letter, the Application Form, the Articles of Association and the approval of the Designated Stock Exchange, Company Board will proceed to Allot the Rights Equity Shares in the following order of priority: 

(a) Full Allotment to those Eligible Equity Shareholders who have applied for their Rights Entitlements of Rights Equity Shares either in full or in part and also to the Renouncee(s) who has or have applied for Rights Equity Shares renounced in their favour, in full or in part. 

(b) Eligible Equity Shareholders whose fractional entitlements are being ignored and Eligible Equity Shareholders with zero entitlement, would be given preference in allotment of one additional Rights Equity Share each if they apply for additional Rights Equity Shares. Allotment under this head shall be considered if there are any unsubscribed Rights Equity Shares after allotment under (a) above. If number of Rights Equity Shares required for Allotment under this head are more than the number of Rights Equity Shares available after Allotment under (a) above, the Allotment would be made on a fair and equitable basis in consultation with the Designated Stock Exchange and will not be a preferential allotment. 

(c) Allotment to the Eligible Equity Shareholders who having applied for all the Rights Equity Shares offered to them as part of the Issue, have also applied for additional Rights Equity Shares. The Allotment of such additional Rights Equity Shares will be made as far as possible on an equitable basis having due regard to the number of Equity Shares held by them on the Record Date, provided there are any unsubscribed Rights Equity Shares after making full Allotment in (a) and (b) above. The Allotment of such Rights Equity Shares will be at the sole discretion of the Board in consultation with the Designated Stock Exchange, as a part of the Issue and will not be a preferential allotment. 

(d) Allotment to Renouncees who having applied for all the Rights Equity Shares renounced in their favour, have applied for additional Rights Equity Shares provided there is surplus available after making full Allotment under (a), (b) and (c) above. The Allotment of such Rights Equity Shares will be made on a proportionate basis in consultation with the Designated Stock Exchange, as a part of the Issue and will not be a preferential allotment. (e) Allotment to any other person, that the Board may deem fit, provided there is surplus available after making Allotment under (a), (b), (c) and (d) above, and the decision of the Board in this regard shall be final and binding. After taking into account Allotment to be made under (a) to (d) above, if there is any unsubscribed portion, the same shall be deemed to be ‘unsubscribed’.  

2. When will the Rights Equity Shares be credited to the demat account? 

On or About June 11, 2020 

3. When will the Rights Equity Shares get listed on the exchanges? 

On or About June 12, 2020 

4. Will the Rights Equity Shares trade along with the currently listed Equity Shares of the Company?

 Rights Equity Shares are partly paid up shares and will be allocated a separate ISIN. Hence, it will not trade with the currently listed Equity Shares of the Company. It will trade separately. Once the entire Call Money is raised and the Rights Equity Shares are fully-paid up, the Rights Equity Shares will trade along with the currently listed Equity Shares of the Company. On payment of the final Call in respect of the partly paid-up Rights Equity Shares, such partly paid-up Rights Equity Shares would be converted into fully paid-up Equity Shares and shall be listed and identified under the existing ISIN for fully paid-up Equity Shares of the Company. 

5. Will Rights Equity Shares trade freely post listing? 

Yes 

6. When will next Call Money be payable? 

Remaining Call Money will have to be paid, on one or more subsequent Call(s), as determined by the Board at its sole discretion, from time to time 

7. How to withdraw an Application made through ASBA or R-WAP platform? 

An Investor who has applied in the Issue may withdraw their Application at any time during Issue Period by approaching the SCSB where application is submitted or sending the email withdrawal request to ril.rights@kfintech.com in case of Application through R-WAP facility. However, no Investor, whether applying through ASBA facility or R-WAP facility, may withdraw their Application post the Issue Closing Date. 

FAQs for Shareholders holding Equity Shares in a physical form

1. Can shareholders holding Equity Shares in a physical form renounce their Rights Entitlement? 

In accordance with SEBI circular SEBI/HO/CFD/DIL2/CIR/P/2020/78 dated May 6, 2020, the Eligible Equity Shareholders, who hold Equity Shares in physical form as on Record Date and who have not furnished the details of their demat account to the Registrar or the Company at least two Working Days prior to the Issue Closing Date, will not be able to renounce their Rights Entitlements.

2. Will share certificates be provided to shareholder holding Equity Shares in a physical form if demat account is not provided? 

No, share certificates will not be provided to shareholder holding Equity Shares in a physical form. 

3. Why will physical share certificates not be issued to successful Allottees in Rights Issue? 

In accordance with Regulation 77A of the SEBI ICDR Regulations read with the SEBI Rights Issue Circulars, the credit of Rights Entitlements and Allotment of Rights Equity Shares shall be made in dematerialised form only. 

4. What is the process for the shareholders who have been allotted shares in the rights Issue for getting the Rights Equity Shares in demat account post allotment? In case of Allotment to resident Eligible Equity Shareholders who hold Equity Shares in physical form as on Record Date, have paid the Application Money and have not provided the details of their demat account to the Registrar or the Company at least two Working Days prior to the Issue Closing Date, the following procedure shall be adhered to: 

(a) the Registrar shall send Allotment advice and credit the Rights Equity Shares to a demat suspense account to be opened by the Company; 

(b) within 6 (six) months from the Allotment Date, such Eligible Equity Shareholders shall be required to send a communication to the Company or the Registrar containing the name(s), Indian address, email address, contact details and the details of their demat account along with copy of self-attested PAN and self-attested client master sheet of their demat account either by post, speed post, courier, electronic mail or hand delivery; 

(c) Company (with the assistance of the Registrar) shall, after verification of the details of such demat account by the Registrar, transfer the Rights Equity Shares from the demat suspense account to the demat accounts of such Eligible Equity Shareholders; 

5. How much time will it take to get the Rights Equity Shares credited in demat account for those investors who have not provided their demat account details during issue period? The Company (with the assistance of the Registrar) shall, after verification of the details of demat account by the Registrar, within reasonable time initiate the process of transfer of the Rights Equity Shares from the demat suspense account to the demat accounts of such Eligible Equity Shareholders. 10. What is the last date for providing the demat account details for getting the Rights Equity Shares Allotted in the Issue in such demat account? Within 6 (six) months from the Allotment Date, Eligible Equity Shareholders shall be required to send a communication to the Company or the Registrar containing the name(s), Indian address, email address, contact details and the details of their demat account along with copy of self-attested PAN and self-attested client master sheet of their demat account either by post, speed post, courier, electronic mail or hand delivery for getting the Rights Equity Shares Allotted in the Issue in demat account. 

                        For All FAQs Download Pdf

Search Terms: Reliance Industries' rights issue, trading as Reliance Industries-Rights Entitlement or RIL-RE on the National Stock Exchange,Reliance Industries Ltd's rights entitlement,Reliance Industries - Rights Entitlement (RIL - RE),Reliance Industries' (RIL's) mega rights issues, Reliance Industries- Rights Entitlement (RE), RIL rights entitlement ratio,

Suzlon Energy, Jindal Stainless and Rolta India के शेयर्स एक महीने में दोगुने हुए

Suzlon Energy के शेयर्स एक महीने में ढ़ाई गुने हुए

सुजलॉन एनर्जी, जिंदल स्टेनलेस और  रोलटा इंडिया के शेयर फरवरी 2019 में अपने संबंधित 52-सप्ताह के चढ़ाव से दोगुने से अधिक हो गए हैं।

सुजलॉन एनर्जी ने भारी वॉल्यूम से  मंगलवार को 26 फीसदी की तेजी के साथ 7.52 रुपये तक रिकवरी की है। दोपहर 12:14 बजे तक; कंपनी के कुल इक्विटी के 3 प्रतिशत का प्रतिनिधित्व करने वाले संयुक्त 170 मिलियन शेयरों ने एनएसई और बीएसई पर अब तक ट्रेड हुआ  है।

अक्षय ऊर्जा समाधान प्रदाता कंपनी सुजलॉन एनर्जी  5 फरवरी को इंट्रा-डे ट्रेड में अपने रिकॉर्ड निचले स्तर 2.70 रुपये के स्तर से 179 प्रतिशत तक उछला। सुजलॉन एनर्जी पर डेट डिफॉल्ट अफवाहों का दबाव था। हालांकि, कंपनी ने स्पष्ट किया कि कंपनी में रखे गए प्रमोटरों के शेयरों में से किसी को भी आमंत्रित नहीं किया गया था।

ऐसी अफवाह थी कि एक डेनिश फर्म सुजलॉन एनर्जी में एक नियंत्रित हिस्सेदारी खरीद सकती है।

इस संबंध में, 22 फरवरी को सुजलॉन एनर्जी ने स्पष्ट किया कि कंपनी अपने ऋणदाताओं के साथ ऋण में कमी के लिए कई विकल्प तलाश रही है। कंपनी ने एक क्लैरिफिकेशन में कहा कि "हालांकि, हम चाहते हैं कि एक कंपनी के रूप में, हम बाजार की अटकलों पर टिप्पणी न करें।"

सुजलॉन एनर्जी ने 7 फरवरी को दिसंबर तिमाही के परिणामों की घोषणा करते हुए बताया कि कंपनी विभिन्न उपायों पर काम कर रही है, जिसमें एक व्यवसाय लाइन की बिक्री तक सीमित नहीं है, इक्विटी कैपिटल बढ़ाने और कुछ ऋण की पुनर्वित्त, और इसके आधार पर प्रबंधन को निकट भविष्य में अपनी वित्तीय जरूरतों को पूरा करने के लिए पर्याप्त संसाधन ऊपर उठाने का भरोसा है ।

1 मार्च, 2018 को अपने 52-सप्ताह के उच्च स्तर 13 रुपये प्रति शेयर्स से सुजलॉन एनर्जी में निवेशकों ने बहुत अधिक पैसा खो दिया है, जो कि उच्च स्तर से  79 प्रतिशत नीचे है। जनवरी 2008 में यह 469 रुपये के अपने उच्च मूल्य से 99 प्रतिशत तक गिर गया है। ।

Read more >>> Suzlon Energy~ A Multibagger in making 

Jindal Stainless शेयर्स १०३ प्रतिशत तक चढ़े 

जिंदल स्टेनलेस भी  20 प्रतिशत बढ़कर 42.70 रुपये पर पहुंच गया, जो प्रमोटर स्टेक बढ़ाने के ख़बर पर एक महीने से भी कम समय में 103 प्रतिशत बढ़ गया। इंट्रा डे ट्रेड में बीएसई पर स्टॉक ने 7 फरवरी को 52 रुपये का निचला स्तर छुआ। जिंदल स्टेनलेस के प्रमोटर अभ्युदय जिंदल ने एक खुले बाजार के माध्यम से कंपनी के अतिरिक्त 1.39 मिलियन शेयर खरीदे। दिसंबर 2018 की तिमाही के अंत में अभ्युदय जिंदल की जिंदल स्टेनलेस में होल्डिंग 0.07 फीसदी से बढ़कर 0.36 फीसदी हो गई।

पिछले साल 24 अप्रैल को शेयर अपने 52 हफ्ते के उच्च स्तर 109 रुपये प्रति शेयर्स से ७९% तक गिर गया था 

 Rolta India के शेयर्स एक महीने में दोगुने हुए

11 फरवरी, 2019 को रोलटा इंडिया 5 प्रतिशत के ऊपरी सर्किट में 7.79 रुपये पर बंद हुआ, जो 52 हफ्तों के निचले स्तर 3.80 रुपये से  103 प्रतिशत बढ़ा।

26 फरवरी, 2019 को, भारत के माननीय सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने रोलटा इंडिया के पक्ष में एक आदेश पारित किया है ताकि बैंकों और अन्य लेनदारों को कोड के तहत आगे कोई कार्रवाई करने और मामले की सुनवाई तक यथास्थिति बनाए रखने से रोका जा सके। 

Source: Business Standard

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• सुजलॉन एनर्जी शेयर क्यों चढ़े सुजलॉन एनर्जी शेयर निवेश विचार

Infibeam Avenues' stock plunged 72% in a day अब क्या करें?

इन्फिबीम के शेयर्स एक दिन में ७०% तक टूटे, अब क्या करें?

58.45  -141.90 (-70.83%)

इन्फिबीम के शेयरों में शुक्रवार को भरी गिरावट देखी गयी, बाजार खुलते ही शेयर के भाव में तेज़ गिरावट आने लगी जो थमने का नाम ही नहीं ले रही थी और दिन के ट्रेडिंग के आखिरी आखिरी तक शेयर में 70% की तगड़ी गिरावट देखी गयी, यह स्टॉक दिन के निचले लेवल 58 रुपये प्रति शेयर् पर बंद हुआ। विदित हो कि कंपनी की बोर्ड मीटिंग एक दिन बाद यानि शनिवार को होनी है। 

इस भारी गिरावट के पीछे व्हाट्सएप्प पर शेयर किये जाने वाले एक अफवाह को जिम्मेदार माना जा रहा है, हालाँकि कंपनी के मैनेजमेंट ने इसे स्पस्ट रूप से ख़ारिज कर दिया और बताया कि कंपनी में सब कुछ ठीक चल रहा है। हालांकि, बाजार बंद होने के बाद, इन्फिबैम ने स्टॉक एक्सचेंज प्रकटीकरण जारी किया और पुष्टि की कि उसने पूर्ण स्वामित्व वाली सहायक एनएसआई लिनफिनियम ग्लोबल प्राइवेट को ब्याज मुक्त असुरक्षित ऋण दिया है।

Infibeam Avenues limited एक ई-कॉमर्स फर्म है जोकि पेमेंट गेटवे कंपनी CCAvenue की parent कंपनी के तौर पर काम करती है,ने एक दिन में अपने बाजार पूंजीकरण से 9,000 करोड़ रुपये से अधिक की पूंजी गवां दी। गुरुवार को बाजार पूंजीकरण 13,105 करोड़ रुपये से गिरकर शुक्रवार को 3,900 करोड़ रुपये हो गया।

इन्फिबीम में अब क्या करें?

एक प्रतिष्ठित समाचार पत्र में प्रकाशित लेख  के अनुसार इन्फिबीम Infibeam में ऐसी गिरावट  कोई नयी बात नहीं है यह स्टॉक पहले भी निवेशकों को निराश कर चूका है, हालाँकि इस  बार की गिरावट कुछ ज्यादा ही थी. 

ज्यादातर विशेषज्ञ निवेशकों को इन्फिबीम से दूर रहने का सुझाव दे रहे है हैं क्योंकि हाल ही में कीमत की गिरावट से पता चलता है कि स्टॉक से बड़े हाथ से निकल सकते हैं।

Stocks likely to be in action today

Here is a list of top stocks that are likely to be in action today i.e. on 6th December, 2017; 

Bharti Airtel: CLSA has reiterated ‘buy’ rating with a target price of Rs 640 on account of improvement in tenancy growth, sustained margin and profitability of the company. 

Reliance Communications: Two major Chinese lenders of the company plan to support a move by China Development Bank to put the company into insolvency court.

Atul Auto: Net profit of Atul Auto rose 23.51 per cent to Rs 16.97 crore in the quarter ended September 2017 as against Rs 13.74 crore during the previous quarter ended September 2016 while revenue rose 11.35 per cent to Rs 158.90 crore in the quarter ended September 2017 as against Rs 142.70 crore in same period.

Rico Auto: Net profit of the company declined 36.59 per cent to Rs 11.94 crore in the quarter ended September 2017 as against Rs 18.83 crore during the previous quarter ended September 2016. While topline revenue rose 10.78 per cent to Rs 299.99 crore in the quarter ended September 2017 as against Rs 270.79 crore during the same period.

VRL Logistics: HSBC has retained ‘buy’ rating on VRL Logistics with a target price of Rs 480. 

5paisa Capital: Nirmal Jain the promoter of the company bought 1.28 lakh shares or 1 per cent as additional stake at Rs 191.22 per share. 

Idea Cellular: There is news in Dalal Street that Idea-Vodafone merger is likely to close faster.

Reliance Power: Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved debt financing and partial risk guarantees totalling $583 million, or about Rs 3,754 crore.

Lux Industries: Lux Industries reported a 21.74% Year on Year decline in net profit at Rs 13.32 crore for the quarter ended September 30 compared with Rs 17.02 crore profit during the same quarter last year while operating revenue declined 14.69 per cent YoY to Rs 223.44 crore for the  same quarter. 

Dalmia Bharat Cement: Dalmia Bharat Cement has entered into an agreement with the Piramal Bain Resurgence Fund to bid for debt-laden Binani Cement.

Sanofi: Pharmaceutical company Sanofi will continue to seek Phase III clinical trial waiver in India for dengue vaccine.

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